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Plankton are the unsung heroes of our oceans, forming the foundation of marine ecosystems and contributing significantly to global ecological balance. Despite their microscopic size, their impact on biodiversity, climate regulation, and the food web is immense. This page explores the many values plankton provide to the planet.
Plankton are the base of the marine food web, serving as a primary food source for a vast array of species, from small fish to large whales. Without plankton, these ecosystems would collapse, affecting marine biodiversity and life on Earth. Additionally, plankton support nutrient cycling, keeping marine ecosystems productive and healthy.
Plankton play a crucial role in regulating Earth’s climate. Phytoplankton, through photosynthesis, are responsible for producing at least 50% of the world’s oxygen—more than all the world’s forests combined. Furthermore, plankton absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change by acting as a carbon sink.
Plankton indirectly support global economies by sustaining fisheries and aquaculture industries. Healthy plankton populations ensure robust fish stocks, which millions of people rely on for their livelihoods and as a primary food source. Their role in maintaining ocean health directly influences the sustainability of marine-based economies.
Plankton are critical indicators of ocean health and environmental changes. Scientists study plankton populations to monitor shifts in marine ecosystems, track the effects of climate change, and predict the impacts of pollution. Understanding plankton dynamics is essential for crafting informed conservation strategies.
Despite their importance, plankton face growing threats from climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution. Protecting these vital organisms is essential not only for marine ecosystems but for the health of the entire planet. By understanding and valuing plankton, we can take steps to ensure their survival and the continued balance of our oceans.
This brief report was requested to help visualise plankton through the lens of a natural capital framework; a framework which has not been historically developed to describe such a diverse and dynamic system.
